Melanocytes are pigment-producing cells located mainly in the basal layer of the epidermis. Their main function is to synthesize melanin, the pigment responsible for the color skin, hair and eyes. Melanin is stored in organelles called melanosomes, then transferred to neighboring keratinocytes, where it forms a protective « cap » over the cell nucleus, shielding DNA from UV radiation.
Melanocytes play an essential role in skin photoprotection, pigmentation and immune surveillance.
Beyond their pigmentary rôle, melanocytes role participate in cellular communication with keratinocytes, modulate local immune responses and influence surrounding cells via secretion of cytokines and growth factors.
